People walk along a shopping street in Beijing, on April 15.TINGSHU WANG/Reuters
China’s economic growth missed forecasts in the second quarter of the year, adding to worries over surging youth unemployment and a weak property sector and raising the likelihood the government will double down on support for the faltering post COVID-19 recovery.
The world’s second largest economy grew at a 6.3 per cent annual pace in the April-June quarter, much slower than the 7-per-cent plus growth analysts had forecast given the anemic pace of activity the year before.
Unemployment of youths aged 16 to 24 rose to a record 21.3 per cent in June, up from 20.8 per cent the month before.
Investment in property development, a vital driver of both industrial and consumer demand, sank 7.9 per cent in the first half of the year compared to a year earlier in a troubling sign of persisting weakness in an industry that slowed even before the pandemic as the government moved to rein in excessive borrowing.
Officials have acknowledged that the economy is facing stiff headwinds, but said they expected growth to still reach the ruling Communist Party’s official target for this year of about 5 per cent.
The government will adjust policies to stabilize growth, National Bureau of Statistics spokesman Fu Linghui said at a news conference Monday.
Quarterly growth, the usual measure for other major economies, was 0.8 per cent, according to government data released Monday, in line with expectations but down sharply from 2.2 per cent in January-June.
Analysts have been far less optimistic than the Chinese government about the outlook for the year, given weakening demand for Chinese exports in other major economies.
The numbers are a “worrying result,” said Moody’s Analytics economist Harry Murphy Cruise.
“China’s recovery is going from bad to worse,” he said. “After a sugar injection in the opening months of 2023, the pandemic hangover is plaguing China’s recovery.”
Government spending is likely to help key industries like real estate and construction, but won’t be a “silver bullet,” he said in a commentary.
The 6.3-per-cent growth in China’s gross domestic product from April to June outpaced a 4.5-per-cent expansion in the previous quarter.
The still robust growth is largely due to the economy growing just 0.4 per cent a year earlier in April-June of 2022 amid strict lockdowns in Shanghai and other cities during COVID-19 outbreaks.
Apart from more government spending, regulators may cut interest rates and take other measures to free up credit, Marcella Chow, global market strategist at J.P. Morgan Asset Management wrote in a report.
“The weak economic readings suggest an urgency in escalating policy support so as to stabilize expectations,” Ms. Chow said.
Earlier this year, growth was boosted as people flocked to shopping malls and restaurants after nearly three years of “zero-COVID” restrictions were removed in late 2022.
The government’s growth target of “around 5 per cent” was seen as a conservative goal. It can only be met if the economy maintains close to its current level of growth.
Data released earlier showed exports declined 12.4 per cent in June from a year earlier as global demand faltered after central banks in the United States and Europe raised interest rates to curb inflation.
Retail sales, an indicator of consumer demand, in June rose 3.1 per cent from the same period in 2022. That’s seen as a strong point, but not strong enough, analysts said.
Industrial output, which measures activity in the manufacturing, mining and utilities sectors, beat analyst’s expectations, rising by 4.4 per cent in June compared with the same month a year earlier.
China’s policy makers are not having to fight inflation, but may end up having to contend with its opposite, deflation, or falling prices due to weak demand. In recent months, the authorities have tried to spur lending and spending, with mixed success.
Fixed-asset investment – spending on factory equipment, construction and other infrastructure projects to drive growth – rose by a still tepid 3.8 per cent for the first half of 2023 compared to the same period of 2022.