People shop at the King of Prussia shopping mall, in King of Prussia, Pa., on Nov. 26, 2021.RACHEL WISNIEWSKI/Reuters
U.S. retail sales unexpectedly rose in August as a decline in receipts at auto dealerships was more than offset by strength in online purchases, suggesting that the economy remained on solid footing through much of the third quarter.
The report from the Commerce Department on Tuesday also showed retail sales were a bit stronger than initially thought in July. It combined with the decline in the unemployment rate last month to push against financial market expectations for a half-percentage-point interest-rate cut from the Federal Reserve on Wednesday. U.S. central bank officials started a two-day policy meeting on Tuesday.
The Atlanta Fed raised its third-quarter GDP growth estimate to a 3.0-per-cent annualized rate from a 2.5-per-cent pace after the data. The economy grew at a 3.0-per-cent pace in the second quarter.
“There does not appear to be any reason for Fed officials to start out with a larger 50-basis-points rate cut because whatever stress there is in the labour market, it isn’t translating into weaker economic demand,” said Christopher Rupkey, chief economist at FWDBONDS. “If this is an economy on the brink of recession, consumers certainly don’t see it.”
Retail sales increased 0.1 per cent last month after an upwardly revised 1.1-per-cent surge in July, the Commerce Department’s Census Bureau said. Economists polled by Reuters had forecast retail sales, which are mostly goods and are not adjusted for inflation, falling 0.2 per cent after a previously reported 1.0-per-cent jump in July. Estimates ranged from a 0.6-per-cent decline to a 0.6-per-cent gain.
Retail sales increased 2.1 per cent on a year-on-year basis in August. Online store sales rebounded 1.4 per cent after falling 0.4 per cent in July. Sales at gasoline stations dropped 1.2 per cent, reflecting lower prices at the pump. Cheaper gasoline is likely freeing money for other spending.
Sales at sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument and book stores increased 0.3 per cent. Building material and garden equipment store sales edged up 0.1 per cent.
Sales at miscellaneous retailers shot up 1.7 per cent, while those at health and personal-care outlets increased 0.7 per cent.
But sales at food services and drinking places, the only services component in the report, were unchanged after rising 0.2 per cent in July. Economists view dining out as a key indicator of household finances.
Furniture store sales fell 0.7 per cent. Receipts at electronics and appliance outlets dropped 1.1 per cent, while those at clothing retailers decreased 0.7 per cent. Receipts at motor vehicle and parts dealers dipped 0.1 per cent and department store sales tumbled 1.1 per cent.
Some of the decline in sales was likely owing to lower prices rather than volume. Prices for goods, including furniture, have been on a downward trend.
Financial markets saw a roughly 59-per-cent probability of a 50-basis-points rate cut on Wednesday, down from 67 per cent before the retail sales data were published, according to CME Group’s FedWatch Tool. The odds of a quarter-point rate reduction were around 41 per cent, up from 33 per cent earlier.
Stocks on Wall Street were trading higher, with the benchmark S&P 500 briefly setting an intraday record high.
The dollar nudged up against a basket of currencies. U.S. Treasury yields rose.
The Fed has maintained its benchmark overnight interest rate in the current 5.25-per-cent-to-5.50-per-cent range for more than a year, having raised it by 525 basis points in 2022 and 2023.
Most economists expect the central bank to cut interest rates by 25 basis points on Wednesday, arguing that the economy is not in enough distress to warrant the half-percentage-point reduction being anticipated by financial markets.
The unemployment rate fell to 4.2 per cent in August after four straight monthly increases lifted it to a near three-year high of 4.3 per cent in July. The jobless rate has been largely driven by increased labour supply from immigration, which is now slowing.
Layoffs remain low by historical standards, leaving the labour market in a position to continue generating steady wage gains that are supporting consumer spending and the overall economy. Subsiding inflation is lifting household’s purchasing power. Economists are split on the implications that a declining saving rate could have on spending.
Some view the saving rate, which dropped to 2.9 per cent in July and is near levels last seen in 2008, as portending softer spending ahead. They also expect precautionary saving to rise if the labour market deteriorates, which could weigh on spending.
Others, however, argued that the government was not fully capturing income earned by undocumented immigrants. They also pointed to strong household balance sheets against the backdrop of higher house and stock prices as supportive of future consumer spending.
“For all the signs that low-income consumers are struggling, we think the risks of that weakness migrating up the income spectrum are low,” said Michael Pearce, deputy chief economist at Oxford Economics. “Middle- and higher-income households sit on considerable wealth gains since the pandemic, mainly reflecting the surge in housing equity.”
Retail sales excluding automobiles, gasoline, building materials and food services increased 0.3 per cent last month after rising by an upwardly revised 0.4 per cent in July.
These so-called core retail sales were previously reported to have gained 0.3 per cent in July. Core retail sales correspond most closely with the consumer spending component of gross domestic product. Economists estimated that inflation adjusted core retail sales rose 0.1 per cent in August, putting consumer spending on track to grow at an annualized rate of roughly 3.5 per cent this quarter.
The raft of upbeat news on the economy was extended by other data on Tuesday showing a sharp rebound in manufacturing production last month, but a downward revision to July’s output took off some of the shine.
Factory output increased 0.9 per cent last month amid a surge in motor vehicle production after a downwardly revised 0.7-per-cent drop in July, the Fed said in a second report. Economists had forecast factory output would rise 0.3 per cent after a previously reported 0.3-per-cent decline in July.
Business inventories also rose slightly above expectations in July, a potential boost in the calculation of GDP this quarter.
“Manufacturing is nowhere near as weak as would normally be the case if the U.S. economy were in recession,” said Conrad DeQuadros, senior economic adviser at Brean Capital.