The RasGas liquefied natural gas plant in Ras Laffan Industrial City, Qatar. For the world’s largest LNG-exporting country, it’s about being the most efficient with a looming global supply glut.Qatar Petroleum/Reuters
For Qatar, the world's largest exporter of liquefied natural gas, preparing for a looming glut of the fuel isn't about being the biggest seller. It's about being the most efficient.
Global LNG output is expected to rise by a third to about 330 million metric tons annually by 2018, according to Sanford C. Bernstein & Co. Most of the new fuel will come from the United States and Australia, which is poised to topple Qatar as the biggest supplier. Unlike Saudi Arabia, the largest oil shipper, Qatar won't be fighting for market share at the expense of earnings.
Instead, the sheikdom will continue as one of the most profitable LNG sellers by taking advantage of the industry's lowest production costs and a control over supply routes that lets it redirect LNG quickly between continents to exploit opportunities, said Ibrahim Ibrahim, vice chairman of Ras Laffan Liquefied Natural Gas Co., known as RasGas.
"A lot of people have gas, but we have an integrated project," he said in an interview in Doha. "We are not trying to maintain a leadership role."
The Persian Gulf country faces a challenge similar to the one Saudi Arabia has grappled with in oil markets, as competitors take market share and drive down prices, according to a Nov. 13 report by the Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington, a research centre. Prices for LNG delivered to Asia have plunged more than 60 per cent from a record in 2014.
Buyers such as Tokyo Electric Power Co. and South Korea's Chubu Electric Power Co. are haggling for better terms.
"Most of the long-term prices will expire around 2020," Chung Yangho, South Korea's deputy minister of energy and resources policy, said on Nov. 9 in Doha. "If the oversupply continues, we hope to see there will be less rigid market conditions."
Qatar shipped 76.4 million tonnes of the fuel in 2014, or 32 per cent of global supply, according to the International Group of Liquefied Natural Gas Importers.
"Spending billions to build new LNG plants doesn't make sense as new supplies come online," said Allison Wood of consultants Control Risks Group Ltd. "The fact that Qatar owns the value chain from start to finish allows it to have a level of efficiency that is going to be tough for other producers to match."
Instead of fighting expanding U.S. producers head-on, Qatar has joined them. It has a 70-per-cent stake in Golden Pass Products LLC, a venture with Exxon Mobil Corp. seeking U.S. regulatory approval to export from Texas. Qatar is already the biggest provider of LNG on the spot market, a departure from its traditional focus on long-term contracts.
Qatar took 10 years to become the fuel's largest producer in 2006 and even less time after that to build a $250-billion (U.S.) sovereign wealth fund. With a population of 2.4 million people, it tapped the third-biggest gas reserves to become the wealthiest nation per capita. Qatar's gross domestic product in 2014 was $134,182 for each resident compared with $49,537 in neighbouring Saudi Arabia, with a population 12 times as large, according to the World Bank.
The Jamaica-sized country is currently the lowest-cost and most profitable producer of LNG, according to Neil Beveridge, an analyst at Bernstein. The break-even cost for RasGas to produce one million British thermal units of LNG is $1.60 compared with $7.60 in the U.S. and as much as $13.50 for Australian companies, according to reports by Columbia University's Center on Global Energy Policy and the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.