A drone view shows a deforested plot of Brazil's Amazon rain forest in the municipality of Humaita, Amazonas state, Brazil, on Aug. 7.Adriano Machado/Reuters
Deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon rain forest slowed by nearly half compared to the year before, according to government satellite data released Wednesday. It’s the largest reduction since 2016, when officials began using the current method of measurement.
In the past 12 months, the Amazon rain forest lost 4,300 square kilometres (1,700 square miles) of land, roughly the size of Rhode Island. That is a nearly 46% decrease compared to the previous period. Brazil’s deforestation surveillance year runs from Aug. 1 to July 30.
Still, much remains to be done to end the destruction, and the month of July showed a 33% increase in tree cutting over July 2023. A strike by officials at federal environmental agencies contributed to this surge, said Joo Paulo Capobianco, executive secretary for the Environment Ministry, during a press conference in Brasilia.
The figures are preliminary and come from the Deter satellite system, managed by the National Institute for Space Research, a federal agency and used by environmental law enforcement agencies to detect real-time deforestation. The most accurate deforestation calculations are usually released in November.
President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva pledged “deforestation zero” by 2030. His current term ends in January 2027. Amazon deforestation has steeply declined since the end of far-right President Jair Bolsolonaros rule in 2022. Under his government, forest loss reached a 15-year high.
About two-thirds of the Amazon lies within Brazil. It remains the world’s largest rain forest, covering an area twice the size of India. The Amazon absorbs large amounts of carbon dioxide, keeping the climate from warming even faster than it would otherwise. It also holds about 20% of the world’s fresh water and biodiversity that scientists have not come close to understanding yet, including at least 16,000 tree species.
At the same time, deforestation in Brazils vast savannah, known as the Cerrado, increased by 9%. The native vegetation loss reached 7,015 square kilometres (2,708 square miles) – an area 63% larger than the destruction in the Amazon.
The Cerrado is the world’s most biodiverse savannah, but less of it enjoys protected status than the rain forest to its north. Brazils boom in soybeans, the country’s second-largest export, have largely come from privately-owned areas in the Cerrado.
“The Cerrado has become a `sacrificed biome.’ Its topography lends itself to mechanized, large-scale commodity production, and it has little legal protection,” Isabel Figueiredo, a spokesperson with the nonprofit Society, Population and Nature Institute told The Associated Press. Both Brazilians and the international community are more concerned about forests than savannah and open landscapes, she said, even though these ecosystems are also extremely biodiverse and essential for climate balance.
To control deforestation in the long term, monitoring, such as with satellites, and law enforcement are not enough, said Paulo Barreto via e-mail, a researcher with the nonprofit Amazon Institute of People and the Environment. New protected areas are needed, both within and outside Indigenous territory, as well as more transparency so that slaughterhouses document where their cattle are coming from. Cattle ranching is the leading driver of deforestation in the Amazon. Degraded pasture lands also need to be replanted as forest, Barreto said, and there must be stricter rules for the financial sector to prevent the funding of deforestation.