Then-deputy chief of the Lebanese Hezbollah group Naim Qassem attends a commemoration ceremony at the memorial grave of slain Hezbollah commander Imad Mughniyeh on April 5.ANWAR AMRO/AFP/Getty Images
Hezbollah announced Tuesday it has chosen cleric Naim Qassem to lead the Lebanese militant group after the killing of its long-time leader Hassan Nasrallah in an Israeli airstrike on a Beirut suburb in late September.
The group said in a statement that Hezbollah’s decision-making Shura Council elected Qassem, 71, as its new secretary-general and vowed to continue Nasrallah’s policies “until victory is achieved.”
Since Nasrallah’s death as part of an Israeli offensive that took out many of Hezbollah’s senior officials, the white-turbaned cleric with a grey beard has often been the public face of the Lebanese militant group. He is one of its founding members but is widely seen by supporters as lacking his predecessor’s oratory skills.
Israel’s Defense Minister Yoav Gallant posted on X after the announcement about Qassem: “Temporary appointment. Not for long.” It was a clear threat that Israel will go after Qassem as it did earlier by assassinating top Hezbollah officials.
Explainer: Who is Sheikh Naim Qassem, Hezbollah’s new leader?
In a televised speech earlier this month, Qassem, who carries the clerical title of sheik, claimed Hezbollah’s military capabilities were intact after Nasrallah’s assassination and warned Israelis they will only suffer further as fighting continues.
Qassem has been sanctioned by the United States, which considers Hezbollah a terrorist group. His appointment came as no surprise since he had served as Nasrallah’s deputy for 32 years and had also long been Hezbollah’s public face, giving interviews to local and foreign media outlets.
“This is a message to Lebanon and abroad that Hezbollah has reorganized itself,” said Qassim Qassir, a Lebanese analyst close to Hezbollah.
Qassem’s appointment shows Hezbollah is running its own affairs and not – as some have reported – that advisers from Iran’s paramilitary Revolutionary Guard are now in charge of the group, Qassir added.
In an interview with The Associated Press in July, Qassem said he didn’t believe that Israel had the capacity – or had yet made the decision – to launch a full-blown war with Hezbollah. But he warned that even if Israel intended to undertake a limited operation in Lebanon that stopped short of a full-scale war, it should not expect the fighting to remain limited.
A day after Hamas-led militants stormed into Israel on Oct. 7, 2023, killing some 1,200 people, mostly civilians, and abducting around 250 as hostages, Hezbollah began attacking Israeli military posts along the border with Lebanon, saying it was opening a backup front for its Hamas allies.
The attack triggered the year-long Israel-Hamas war and Israel’s retaliatory offensive in Gaza has killed over 43,000 Palestinians, according to local health authorities. The count does not distinguish between civilians and combatants but more than half of the dead are said to be women and children.
“No one knows the consequences of igniting the war in Lebanon, regionally and even internationally,” Qassem said at the time, speaking from the group’s political headquarters in Beirut’s southern suburbs.
He said he was proud of Hezbollah’s achievements in its “support front” for Hamas, saying it “required sacrifices on our part.”
Less than three months later, Israel expanded the war in Lebanon, leaving hundreds dead and more than 1.2 million people displaced. The invasion has caused wide destruction in southern and eastern Lebanon, as well as Beirut’s southern suburbs that are home to Hezbollah’s headquarters. Israeli troops engage in daily fierce clashes with Hezbollah in the border region as they try to push deeper into south Lebanon.
Hezbollah is still firing dozens of rockets and missiles into northern Israel and in recent days claimed an attack on an Israeli military base south of Tel Aviv. It also claimed responsibility for a drone attack that hit the home of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu earlier this month. No one was hurt in that attack.
Born in 1953 in the town of Kfar Fila in southern Lebanon, Qassem studied chemistry at the Lebanese University before working for several years as a chemistry teacher. He simultaneously pursued religious studies and participated in founding the Lebanese Union for Muslim Students, an organization meant to promote religion.
In the 1970s, he joined the Movement of the Dispossessed, a political organization that pushed for greater representation for Lebanon’s historically overlooked and impoverished Shiite community.
The group morphed into the Amal movement, one of the main armed groups in Lebanon’s 1975-1990 civil war and now a powerful political party led by Parliament Speaker Nabih Berri. Qassem then joined the nascent Hezbollah, formed with support from Iran after Israel invaded Lebanon in 1982 and occupied the country’s southern region.
From 1991, Qassem served as the group’s deputy, initially under Nasrallah’s predecessor, Abbas Mousawi, who was killed by an Israeli helicopter attack in 1992.
The choice of Qassem to take the helm of Hezbollah came a week after it confirmed that Hashem Safieddine – a top figure who had been widely expected to succeed Nasrallah – was killed in an Israeli airstrike on southern Beirut earlier this month.
Safieddine was Nasrallah’s cousin and had close links to Iran, where he spent years of his life. Safieddine’s son, Rida, is married to Zeinab Soleimani, the daughter of Gen. Qassem Soleimani, head of Iran’s elite Quds Force, who was killed in a U.S. airstrike in Iraq in 2020.
“We ask God to help him in the great mission in leading Hezbollah and the Islamic Resistance,” Hezbollah said in its statement about Qassem.
In another blow to Hezbollah, thousands of communication devices used by its members – both fighters and workers with the group’s civilian institutions – exploded near-simultaneously in mid-September, killing 39 people and wounding nearly 3,000. Israel was blamed for the attack that left scores with permanent disabilities.
Choosing Qassem is “proof that Hezbollah is not scared regarding the developments,” Qassir also said.